Abraham Lincolns Character Essay - 913 Words

Abraham Lincolns Character The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advancedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth. - Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), from The Gettysburg Address†¦show more content†¦Lincoln later implied this himself when he said, I remember my mothers prayers and they have always followed me. They have clung to me all my life. While growing up, Lincoln was considered lazy by his father because young Abraham was growing so quickly he was often tired. He is said to always to have been reading, as Lincoln himself said the extent of his formal teaching did not amount to one year. He would borrow books from neighbors and read while he was resting from fieldwork. Though his teacher called him a very slow learner, Abrahams stepmother understood Lincoln better. He must understand everything, even to the smallest thing, minutely and exactly. He would then repeat it over to himself - sometimes in one form and then in another. And when it was fixed in his mind to suit him, he never lost that fact or his understanding of it. The Lincolns moved to Illinois in 1830, and Abraham was restless to get away from his father and out on his own. He worked in whatever jobs he could find, from storekeeper to Postmaster to surveyor - because he was willing to try anything once. According to several stories of the time, whenever Lincoln found that he had short-changed a customer,Show MoreRelatedThe Views On Lincoln s Presidency1738 Words   |  7 PagesHistorian’s Views on Lincoln’s Presidency After reading several historians’ texts regarding Lincoln’s opinions and policies toward slavery, and the unification of a nation as a whole, I distinguished that several authors have contending visions of Lincoln’s actions during his presidency. Some authors (Dirck, Guelzo, Striner) portray Lincoln as the great emancipator in depicting him as a crusader whose main purpose during the Civil War was only to accomplish the abolishment of slavery.Read MoreAbraham Lincoln : Vampire Hunter971 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Lincoln is an American President who hasn’t been overlooked in the decades following his death. His character still lives on today as he resonates through popular American culture. Many books and movies have been produced about his life to show the role he played in our history and the impact he had on our country. The most recent film, Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter, captivated audience’s attention with a riveting tale about o ur sixteenth president hunting vampires. The film contains someRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s Legacy Of The Man Behind The Gun With A Plan982 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Dominguez Mrs. Gaither English III -5 4 March 2016 Abraham Lincoln Assassination Early morning of April 15, 1865 the United States of America stood still. It started as a normal day at the theatre, but soon a dramatic turn would change United States history forever. This paper will define President Abraham Lincoln’s life, the man behind the gun with a plan, and how the United States reacted. Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States of America, he served a single term fromRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : Heroes Serve Powers Or Principles Larger Than Themselves952 Words   |  4 Pagesevil that has existed for a long time because if they fight it, they might die or they might lose everything. Heroes are never afraid to fight for something that they believe in. Abraham Lincoln was one of heroes. He was an American president during 1861 to 1865, and he presents with all his power to his country. Abraham Lincoln was an outstanding hero because he endured many hardships in life, abolished black slavery, and helped reconstruct America after the Civil War. One reason why LincolnRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Lincoln 962 Words   |  4 Pages Actually, Steven Spielberg’s film named â€Å"Lincoln† starts during the time of the Civil War, when President Abraham Lincoln was requiring this war’s end. From the initial scene the cruelty of the war is clearly shown, mostly against African American soldiers. In fact, racial discrimination was a significant problem at that time and that was one of the biggest struggles of Abraham Lincoln, as he attempted to maintain the whole nation as one union. The film describes the situation occurred in the 1860sRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : Vampire Hunter893 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter The novel Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter was written by Seth Grahame-Smith and published in 2010. In 2012 the movie adaptation was released and made a gross amount of $37,516,013. Both discuss the theme and topic of slavery while telling the story of how Abraham Lincoln discovered, trained, and fought against vampires, who were planning to take over the United States. (â€Å"Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter (2012)†). Abraham Lincoln is known as â€Å"honest Abe†, the 16th presidentRead MoreLegacy Of Abraham Lincoln s Legacy Essay1582 Words   |  7 PagesLegacy Leader: Abraham Lincoln A legacy leader is someone who has left a positive and lasting impression in society due to his or her leadership qualities and/or traits. Abraham Lincoln is a prime example of a legacy leader due to the leadership traits he displayed throughout his presidency. Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States. He exhibited great leadership qualities such as integrity, duty, and selfless service. Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation and hisRead MoreEssay on I have a dream748 Words   |  3 Pages I Have a Dream Martin Luther King 1.Comment on the language and style of King’s speech â€Å"I Have a Dream†. The speech â€Å"I Have a Dream† was delivered by Martin Luther King on the occasion of the centenary celebrations of Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation on 28th August 1963. The speech was dramatically delivered on the steps of Lincoln Memorial and it was witnessed by about two million people. This speech is often considered to be one of the greatest and notable speeches in history andRead MoreIn the Article, Chiefly About War Matters, Nathaniel Hawthorne Describes Abe Lincolns Unattractiveness as Superficial1032 Words   |  5 Pagesonce despondently wrote, â€Å"It was not well to drive men into final corners; at those moments they could all develop teeth and claws† (Crane). Such describes the desperate and harrowing atmosphere of the time during which Abraham Lincoln was president of the United States. As Abraham Lincoln once perspicaciously reflected upon the significance of the Civil War, The struggle of today is not altogether for today — i t is for a vast future also meaning that the war was paramount to the survival of theRead MoreLincoln And Abraham Lincolns I Have A Dream Speech956 Words   |  4 Pagesout darkness, only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate, only love can do that.† Martin Luther King Jr. was an astute abolitionist who performed a vital speech called I Have a Dream. There is another well-known speech just like this one by Abraham Lincoln called The Gettysburg Address. After attentively analyzing, comparing, and contrasting these two fundamental speeches in history, the readers have developed a question: how are these speaker’s perspectives of America comparable? These two

The Classical School And The Positivist School - 881 Words

In this paper I will be addressing and discussing the two schools of criminology, which respectively are the classical school and the positivist school. I will begin by comparing and contrasting the historical background of both schools using the founders of each school. I will then continue the paper by comparing their assumptions, their findings and their key policy implications. I will do this by explaining each school’s purpose and goal. I will then argue and explain how the classical school is respectively stronger than the positivist school for being straight forward, concise and unbiased. Criminology earliest development traces back to the early 1700s, however did not fully bloom until the 1800s when criminal laws were being made and enforced (Altrichter, 2015). With this in mind, the first school to be developed through criminology was the classical school. The classical school was founded upon the thoughts and ideas of Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham (Altrichter, 2 015). Cesare Beccaria implicated the idea that a crime is to be punished depending on its severity and rather not the criminal (Altrichter, 2015). Jeremy Bentham contributed to the classical school by stating that through a series of weighing the pleasure and pains of their results, this would increase or decrease the chances that a criminal would create a crime (Altrichter, 2015). The most notable idea that developed through the classical school is that criminals have a free will and can thinkingShow MoreRelatedA Discussion On Classical School And Positivist817 Words   |  4 Pagestheory? What makes up a good theory? What criteria are used by scholars to evaluate theory and research? Also an outlining on reliability and validity, and identify different measurement used in criminal justice. Last a discussion about classical school and positivist will also be presented. A. In the book â€Å"Criminological Theories† written by Akers Sellers, describes theory as â€Å"An effective theory that helps to make sense of facts, we already know and can be tested against new facts† (2013, p. 1)Read MoreCompare and Contrast the Classical and Positivist School of Criminology872 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and contrast the ideas of Classical criminologist (e.g. Beccaria and Bentham) with those of the early Positivist (e.g. Lombroso, Ferri Garofolo). Introduction During the mid to late seventeenth century explanations of crime and punishment were embraced by many philosophers Thomas Hobbs (1588-1679), John Locke (1632-1704), and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) and such theorist as Beccaria (1738), an Italian who was highly recognised by his great success through his essay ’Dei delittiRead MoreThe Classical School Of Thought1327 Words   |  6 PagesThese concepts in include the positivist vs. the classical schools of thought, changes in our understandings of what causes victimisation over time, official vs. unofficial data and the different definitions of crime. These concepts show how the discovery of the victim and the shift in focus from the offender to the offence from the past 30 years has changed the understandings of what the reasoning behind what causes crime. The positivist vs. the classical schools of thought: Modern CriminologyRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology1485 Words   |  6 Pages1. Answer the following with respect to classical school of criminology: A. Discuss the historical context of the origins (emergence) of this perspective.   When did it arise?   Was it a response to any previous perspectives? The classical school of criminology is foundationally based upon the history of crime and punishment. Throughout history, crime was dealt with in an extremely harsh and inhumane manner. Criminals and suspected criminals were quartered, burnt at the stake, tortured, and subjectedRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1608 Words   |  7 Pagesbehaviour through the three different criminological schools of thought: classical, positivist, and sociological. There are a number of concepts of crime including human nature, the society, social contract, the law, and punishment. The central concepts of the classical school of thought is that people are egotistical, rational, motivated by pain and pleasure, people choose their behaviour, and behaviour can be modified by fear of punishment. The classical theory focuses on crime and the law, deterrenceRead MoreQuiz 1 Essay1068 Words   |  5 Pageschanging and with the media influencing our upbringing and beliefs this will influence the crime trends. 3. Which Classical School theorist do you think contributed the most to the advancement of criminological theory? Explain why you choose that particular theorist over the other Classical School theorist of the time? I believe that Beccaria contributited the most to the classical school of thinking. As we can see today some of his theories still hold true. People should be treated equally and punishedRead MoreClassical Theory And Psychological Positivism1557 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough the annals of Criminology. The modern crime depicted in the scenario portrays the dual aspects of both the offender as an individual and the offense of robbing a local convenience store. This scenario may be analysed through the two schools of Classical theory and Psychological Positivism, relating to the perpetual debate that has sparked the revisionist stream of criminological theories which has culminated in the conception and treatment of crime by the modern criminal justice system. TheRead MoreTh e Pros And Cons Of The Classical School Of Criminology791 Words   |  4 PagesThe Classical school of criminology can be known as the free will to act at one’s own discretion, where an individual chooses to break the law upon a desirable choice. The Classical emphasizes how the system was organized, punishments for crime, and how authorities should react to crime. On the other hand, positivist school was created to see what influences an individual to break the laws, based on human beings’ behavior. Positivist school is simply trying to analyze who, what, and how crime isRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology1216 Words   |  5 Pagesmost famous schools of that are Classical Theory and Biological/Positivist Theory. These theories contain insights to why people commit crimes and the most effective way to deal with these individuals and eventually reduce the crime rate. This paper will discuss how these schools of thought compare to each other, the Christian W orldview and to United States current criminal justice system. The first step to compare these theories is to better understand them. The Classical School of CriminologyRead MoreCriminology And The Main Schools Of Thought, Classicism And Positivism971 Words   |  4 PagesThe study of criminology has emerged during the last two centuries and it is, as such, one of the youngest social sciences. This essay will explore the history of criminology and discuss two of the main schools of thought, classicism and positivism. While humanity has always been concerned with philosophical questions such as â€Å"Who am I?† (Plato) the search for answers has become more concrete and accessible during the era of Enlightenment. As society began to gradually turn away from the church

Night Creature Crescent Moon Chapter 18 Free Essays

My stopping in the middle of the sidewalk had screwed up the flow of people, but since this was New Orleans no one shoved or cursed me. Most of them had drinks in their hands, and at this time of the day were mighty mellow. Except for Charlie, who took off like the drug dealer had only a moment ago. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Crescent Moon Chapter 18 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I wasn’t much for running, but I leaped into the narrow street, dodging cars, horse-drawn carriages, and people who’d gotten sick of stumbling along the crowded, broken cement. I might have been mistaken about the identity of the last dead man I’d seen walking. Him I hadn’t known personally. Besides, why would Charlie run if he didn’t have something to hide? And being a zombie? Big secret. I couldn’t believe I was even considering such a thing, but hey – this was New Orleans and he was a dead guy. As I ran, I reached for my zombie-revealing powder, sending up a murmur of thanks when I found it in my pocket. Now all I had to do was catch him. Easier said than done. My chest tight, my lungs burned. I might be able to kick ass in a self-defense class, but jogging I sucked at Charlie was pulling away from me. He turned a corner several blocks ahead. By the time I got there, he was gone. I’d chased him out of the touristy section and into a slightly run-down area where small jazz clubs lined the street Mostly empty now, a few stood open as employees prepared the places for the evening. All of them had interesting names like The Spotted Cat. A thin, elderly black man swept dust out the front door of a building without a name. As I passed he nodded, smiled, and murmured, â€Å"Ma’am.† â€Å"Did anyone run through here just now?† He shook his head but kept his eyes on his broom. I frowned. He had to have seen Charlie. Unless my quarry could just up and disappear. For all I knew, he could. I retraced my steps to Jackson Square, where the party continued. I no longer had any desire to linger. The sun was completely gone. At Cassandra’s, I burst in, then stared. Detective Sullivan appeared as surprised to see me as I was to see him. â€Å"Ms. Malone. What are you doing here?† â€Å"Funny, I was going to ask you the same thing.† â€Å"I have questions for Ms. – † He broke off with a scowl and turned back to Cassandra. â€Å"What’s your last name?† â€Å"Priestess Cassandra is good enough.† â€Å"I am not calling you Priestess.† â€Å"Cassandra’s fine, too.† Detective Sullivan’s face got so red I was tempted to help him loosen his tie. However, I didn’t think he’d appreciate the gesture. The man probably slept in a suit. Although – my gaze lowered to that tie, imprinted with a tiny Lucy holding a football for a clueless Charlie Brown – I was starting to think Sullivan wasn’t as humorless as he pretended to be. â€Å"You two know each other?† he managed. â€Å"Yes,† Cassandra and I said at the same time. â€Å"How?† â€Å"I came in to shop.† â€Å"For what?’ â€Å"What are you, a cop?† I quipped. He blinked, a confused expression replacing his annoyance. â€Å"Well, yeah.† Cassandra laughed, then turned the sound into a cough. I took pity on the man and answered his question – kind of. â€Å"I heard this was an interesting place. Came in, looked around, and – â€Å" â€Å"We bonded,† Cassandra put in. â€Å"Bonded,† he repeated. â€Å"I liked her; she liked me. Pals.† Cassandra crossed her middle finger over her index finger. â€Å"We’re like this.† Now I was the one who choked on a laugh. Sullivan didn’t appear convinced, but he let the matter drop. â€Å"I’m investigating a missing person.† I thought of Mrs. Beasly. The New Orleans PD was really on the ball. â€Å"Well, not exactly a person,† the detective said, and Cassandra and I exchanged glances. â€Å"At least not anymore. There’s a body missing from the morgue.† I started, but the detective was staring at Cassandra and not at me. He didn’t notice my reaction. Cassandra did, but she was savvy enough not to ask why that information disturbed me. â€Å"Whenever that happens,† Cassandra murmured, â€Å"the voodoo priestess is always the first suspect.† â€Å"Because?’ I asked. â€Å"Zombies.† Cassandra rolled her eyes. â€Å"What else?† â€Å"You can’t believe Cassandra is raising zombies,† I demanded, even as my mind raced. I’d come here halfway believing I’d chased a zombie out of Jackson Square. I should tell Detective Sullivan, but I couldn’t get the words out of my mouth. â€Å"I don’t believe it,† he muttered. â€Å"He’s from out of town.† Cassandra smirked. I didn’t bother to point out that she was, too. Cassandra seemed as much a part of New Orleans as the humidity and the jazz. â€Å"His superior ordered him to come,† she continued. Sullivan made an impatient sound. â€Å"I don’t understand this place.† â€Å"You’re not supposed to.† Cassandra patted Sullivan’s arm. â€Å"Since you didn’t find the body in my closet, is there anything else I can do for you?† â€Å"No,† he snapped, and headed for the door. He stopped with his hand on the knob. â€Å"I was going to come and talk to you tomorrow, Ms. Malone. Have you seen Adam Ruelle?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"And you gave him my message?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"He didn’t call.† â€Å"Sorry.† Sullivan cursed. â€Å"I don’t have the manpower to beat the swamp for him. All I want to do is ask a few questions.† â€Å"You really think Adam strangled a perfect stranger with his bare hands?† I asked. â€Å"Someone did.† True. â€Å"Funny that you should call the victim a stranger,† he continued. â€Å"Funny ha-ha? Or funny weird?† Sullivan’s lips didn’t even twitch. â€Å"The victim had no ID, he doesn’t match any missing persons report; no record of anyone of his description entering by public transportation; fingerprints don’t pop in the FBI files.† â€Å"Maybe it was a plain old robbery on Bourbon Street,† Cassandra said, â€Å"and someone dumped the guy there so they’d have enough time to get out of Dodge.† â€Å"Tourists have hotel rooms, rental cars. One thing they don’t usually have is a fully automatic rifle.† My mouth opened, then shut. â€Å"Isn’t that illegal?† â€Å"Extremely.† â€Å"How do you know the gun was his?† â€Å"His fingerprints were all over the thing. Besides, if it was a robbery, why leave a gun like that lying around? Thing has to be worth some money, even without the weird bullets.† â€Å"What kind of weird?† I asked. â€Å"Silver.† He opened the door. â€Å"Who uses silver bullets?† Without waiting for an answer, the detective left. Cassandra and I stared after him, then looked at each other. â€Å"Uh-oh,† we both said at the same time. â€Å"Appears you aren’t the only one searching for a loup-garou,† Cassandra murmured. â€Å"I am now,† I said dryly. â€Å"You should be careful. Someone doesn’t want the beast found.† â€Å"Seems to me like someone doesn’t want the beast killed.† Cassandra’s lips pursed. â€Å"You’ve got a point† I shook my head, gave a little laugh, even though I didn’t find much of this funny. â€Å"Is everyone around here nuts?† â€Å"That’s rhetorical, right?† â€Å"Silver bullets, missing bodies, zombies.† â€Å"Welcome to New Orleans.† She tilted her head. â€Å"You look like you haven’t slept at all. Did something happen in the swamp?† I’d planned to tell her of Charlie; I’d forgotten about the wolf and Simon. â€Å"It was probably just a dream,† I muttered. Cassandra’s eyes sharpened. â€Å"Dreams have meaning. Tell me.† So I did. â€Å"The wolf sounds like a dream.† â€Å"My dead husband at the window doesn’t?† â€Å"In this town – not so much.† A chill passed over me that had nothing to do with the overactive air conditioner. Simon was dead. I’d buried him years ago. I didn’t believe in ghosts or zombies or werewolves. Really. â€Å"You said there weren’t any tracks.† â€Å"There could have been. The ground was all turned up.† Cassandra frowned. â€Å"Odd, but maybe it was like that even before your dream.† Maybe. But I doubted it â€Å"You’re intent on finding a loup-garou,† she continued. â€Å"You see one at the window. Simple wish fulfillment.† â€Å"And Simon?† â€Å"Could be the same thing. You miss him, he’s there.† I wrinkled my nose. â€Å"His ghost?† â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"Why now?† â€Å"Guilt?† I stilled. I hadn’t told Cassandra about doing the horizontal mambo with Adam Ruelle, but from the lift of her brow, she knew anyway. â€Å"You shouldn’t feel guilty, Diana. Your husband’s gone; you’re not.† â€Å"I understand that here.† I pointed to my head. â€Å"But here?† I patted my chest. â€Å"Not so much.† Her sigh was long and sad. â€Å"I know.† From the expression on her face, she did know, and I wanted to ask who she’d lost, how long it had been. After all, we’d bonded. But she shook off the sadness, smiling brightly, and I got the distinct impression her past was off-limits. â€Å"You want to tell me why you came careening in here like something was chasing you?† â€Å"Oh, yeah! Charlie Wagner.† Cassandra’s smile faded. â€Å"How did you – ?† â€Å"What?† â€Å"His body is the one that’s missing.† â€Å"Which might be why I saw him on Jackson Square.† Her gaze sharpened. â€Å"Did you use the powder?† â€Å"He took off. Disappeared.† I paused. â€Å"Can a zombie disappear?† â€Å"Not that I know of.† Was I having this conversation? â€Å"Where did you lose him?† Cassandra demanded. â€Å"Frenchmen Street.† She grabbed a huge purse from under the counter, then chose items from the shelves and shoved them inside. â€Å"Let’s go.† â€Å"Where?† â€Å"Frenchmen Street.† â€Å"Because†¦?’ â€Å"Zombies aren’t the smartest beings on the planet. They follow orders, then return to their master.† â€Å"I don’t believe this,† I muttered. â€Å"You do, or you wouldn’t be here.† The woman was right too often for her own good. â€Å"You have the powder?† she asked as she locked the door behind us. â€Å"Yep.† â€Å"OK. We find him, reveal him, put him back where he belongs.† â€Å"Which is?† She frowned. â€Å"Good question. I’ve never heard of a zombie being raised before they were buried. But then again, they aren’t exactly buried around here. Encrypted. Is that a word?† â€Å"Got me.† Cassandra led the way, moving at a fast clip down Royal Street, then turning on St. Peter and heading for Jackson Square. Night had fallen; the moon that rose was just over half-full. Where had the time gone? I’d need to wait over a week to search for the loup-garou again. And was I really adjusting my job because of the phases of the moon? Yes. The unbelievable became more believable with every passing hour. â€Å"Can’t we do this in the daytime?† I asked. â€Å"No.† â€Å"I saw him in the daytime.† I frowned, remembering. â€Å"Well, not exactly daytime, but it wasn’t night, either.† She stopped, turned, and put a hand on my shoulder. â€Å"It isn’t that we can’t wait; it’s that we shouldn’t Zombies are rarely raised for the good of mankind. The longer Charlie’s waltzing around, the more trouble he’ll cause.† â€Å"You’re the expert.† We started walking again. â€Å"What did he look like?† she asked. â€Å"Charlie.† â€Å"I mean was there any decay? What about his throat wound?† I shook my head. â€Å"He looked the same as the day I met him.† She stopped again, right inside Jackson Square. The artisans and psychics were still there; the music had stopped. â€Å"You’re saying his throat wasn’t bloody and gaping? His body hadn’t started to rot?† â€Å"I think I’d have noticed.† Along with everyone else on the street She bit her lip and stared at the ground. â€Å"Weird.† â€Å"What are you getting at?† Cassandra lifted her troubled gaze to mine. â€Å"Ever seen Night of the Living Dead?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"Zombies aren’t supposed to appear alive. They’re a walking corpse.† â€Å"The movie could be wrong. And wouldn’t that be a shock?† She didn’t answer, which was answer enough. â€Å"You don’t think so.† â€Å"No.† She cut past the cathedral, and I followed. â€Å"Maybe Charlie is too newly dead to decay.† â€Å"Then how did he heal his throat wound?† â€Å"Yeah.† She glanced at me. â€Å"How did he?† â€Å"You’re the voodoo priestess.† Cassandra scowled. â€Å"Whoever did this has power beyond anything we can imagine. Not only was Charlie raised; he was healed.† She shook her head. â€Å"I don’t like it† I had to say I wasn’t crazy about it, either. How to cite Night Creature: Crescent Moon Chapter 18, Essay examples

Strategies and Skills Effective Business Communication

Question: Discuss about the Strategies and Skillsfor Effective Business Communication. Answer: Introduction In this essay, I am going to discuss six modules, which were helpful to understand theoretical, practical and strategic implications of communication, along with its relevance in workplace, and in my personal life. The essay focuses on communication appreciation and the way to overcome this. Along with this, the essay facilitates importance of assertive communication to solve organizational conflicts. I have also discussed interpersonal and intrapersonal communication in this essay. The concept of organizational communication, its advantages, types of organization structure, and how to choose media of effective communication are highlighted in the essay. One can understand the difference between interview and conversation in interview process, and how to conduct ethical interview is also discussed. In week 1, I came to know about ethical communication which is dignity and worth of human beings that is fostered by responsibility, fairness, honesty, truthfulness, along with self and other respect. Paralanguage means expressing ones feelings and thoughts as an area of non-verbal communication that gives important attention to body language and voice modulation of a person. The human communication ability is the significant competency in personal as well as in professional life. Many unspoken words can be spoken out by the body language of a person. As per Gkorezis, Bellou, and Skemperis (2015), it conveys the meaning in more appropriate way as compared to spoken words. Posture, hand gesture, eye contact, frequency, intensity, and voice tone are some of the aspects of paralanguage. Theories and models of communication were learned by me with verbal and non-verbal communication covered in this module. I have learned that culture also helps to understand communication. This will be beneficial in development of my career by the help of commitment to practices socially responsible business practices. This module has helped me to make differentiation between listening and active listening. Active listening plays an important role in building productive interpersonal relationships. Listening is also helpful to evaluate judgment being made by others. Along with this, the module has helped me to take effective decisions by the help of active listening. Non-verbal communication is helpful to understand culture of various nations. On basis of this learning, I can run my business successfully. Apart from these, I have come to learn about professional communication and five ethical guidelines namely communication should be clear, honest, and democratic. Additionally, I have come to know that good communication always respects its audience and it is always logical. I always make sure that my communication with client, society, and friends comply with all these ethics guidelines/principles. As stated by Gkorezis, Bellou, and Skemperis (2015), following communication ethics, I can reduce the conflicts and confusions among the people of my organization. In addition to this, intrapersonal and interpersonal communications are also learned by me. With the help of this, I came to know that interpersonal communication takes place between two p eople while intrapersonal refers to individuals feeling, thoughts, internal conversations, and emotions. I have learned about the organizational communication which is important for members to come together as well as to perform the given task in effective manner. Along with this, I came to know that communication helps to make understand employees, what is expected from them along with their duties and responsibilities. On basis of this learning, I will always make sure that I communicate effectively with my employees, so that they feel motivated and give their best in organizational growth and success. In week 2, I learned that, if a person has communication fear with some person, then it is said as communication apprehension. When person hesitates or shows anxiousness in communication in front of other person or group, it is said to be audience-based communication apprehension. I came to know about what communication apprehension is and how I can reduce it. Through use of this learning, I will be able to effectively communicate with colleagues and subordinates at workplace and to give effective presentation at required places. I came to know that, a speaker in a presentation is expected to answer the query raised by the audience, for which two minutes are taken extra while delivering the presentation. I got familiar with ethos of effective speaker such as knowledge of the topic, and selection of topic relates to audience. The body of speech and format of presentation are also learned by me. According to Lipson and Teodorescu (2015), there are two purposes behind presentation delivery namely to inform or persuade an audience. I have also learned informative learning and its role in personal/professional life. The learning of chronological, spatial, and topical format is also facilitated by this week. I have developed understanding of persuasive speaking, which is generally practiced to make audience believe differently for what audience believed in the past. There are three types of persuasive formats that are learned by me namely problem-solution, comparative advantage, and Monroes motivational sequence format. Besides this, I have come to understand the importance of evidentiary support that adds value to the speech with transitions. Besides this, I have got familiar with sales presentation, training presentation, and adult skills. For my future growth, I will make sure to deliver presentation successfully by taking in view the interest of audience. I can become good speaker by working on my communication appreciation weaknesses. By the understanding the effective sales presentation skills, I can persuade people to purchase product or services of my company. Additionally, I will make sure that my report contains the detail of who can authorize it, problems addressed and scope of the report, methodology used, source of data, data analyzing method, findings as well as recommendations for the conducted topic of the report. Training will benefit me to get participated, have new information and ideas. Adult learning will motivate me also about self-concept and self-directed concepts. As I will gain more knowledge and experience, then it will allow me to engage with adult learners. I have also got familiar with the two concepts i.e. verbal and written business communication. Now, I understand the importance of two media such as repeat reading of written words can be done by reader while one cannot hear what one has said if it is not recorded by the person. Along with this, I have find out that written words can be analyzed in better way in comparison to unrecorded or spoken words. Moreover, in business communication, everybody prefers written communication more. According to Dwyer (2012), it is because written form of communication is rule-governed and precise. I have also developed understanding about how to minimize or reduce the noise created in the written communication which occurs in the form of choice of poor words, and bad grammar. From week 4, I have learned how the write employment letters and resume with its importance for starting my career and growth. There are four basic contents for a successful application such as linking skills and experience to employers need, highlighting my qualifications and skills relevant to the position. I am applying my work ethics and personality summarized aspects along with my interview availability. I came to know that the length of my application letter must be of three-quarters, where I need to highlight the past and current work experience. Also, I learned that I should provide my education qualification in summary. I got to know that while concluding my letter, I must end up on a positive note and thanking the employing company along with asking them to contact me in requirement of further information. As illustrated, I can write, I will like to speak with you for the position require by the company. In addition to this, I will close my letter with the word 'Yours sincerely' if I know the recipient else I will use 'Yours Faithfully' for unknown recipient (Randazzo, 2012). I also developed understanding on length of cover letter which should not exist one page in length. Besides this, how to write effective Curriculum Vitae was also known to me where at the top of CV, I need to mention my personal details. Educational qualification will be mentioned in next section starting from the recent qualification, employment history, followed by referees name. Additionally, email and reports of genres of business communication were known to me. Writing Email is easy and in workplace, it is primary means of communication. I came to know that there is a chain of command which is to be followed while sending email. I examined that email does not belong to me but to the company. Hence, purpose of email should be met out clearly. Reports are useful to analysis, gather information, and recommendation for actions. From this week, I understand the importance of written communication in the workplace which will help me to become professional communicator. Also, whenever I am going to apply for a job, it will help me a lot to effectively produce written communication genres namely resume, reports, and email taking in view grammar and spellings. In week 5, I came to know that interpersonal communication is said to be done when individual communicates with oneself along with one's feelings, thoughts, emotions, and internal conversation. According to Hynes (2012), interpersonal communication is to have communication with one or more than one people. Also, I understand that I must be aware of my skills, ability, strength, and weakness in order to become better interpersonal communicator. Additionally, it is known as dyadic communication because it refers to the communication that takes place between two persons or more. Basically, it has six types namely impersonal, workplace, professional, professional, friendship, friends, and intimate. I got familiar with the term aggressive communication which can be general or situational. Also, it is negative style of communication which is the form of workplace bullying. I understand that verbal aggression can result in irritation, hurt feelings as well as relationship termination which results in decreased job satisfaction and engagement of employees. I came to know that passive communication is style of communication that characterized when person is unable to state a belief or opinion with confidence. Further, I identified reasons for this that include individuals simply confrontation avoidance along with fear of blame for being happy as well as silent to avoid conflicts. In addition to this, I understand that passive and active communications are two different terms. Passive communication includes imposing a person by the non-verbal and verbal acts which aim to avoid open conflicts. On the other hand, when I stand up for my own self without allowing another person to take my advantage and without others advance then it will be known as assertive communication. Additionally, according to DeKay (2012), muttering, sarcasm, facial expression that includes anger along with denying the problems are some of the reasons of passive-aggressive communication. In this unit, I examined about assertive problem-solving model which has six steps and model is helpful to solve conflicts. Also, socio-communication style and orientations with supportive and defensive communication climate were known by me. In socio-communication person see ones own behavior of communication in terms of his/her personality traits and the way individual examine actual communicative behavior of others are known as socio-communicative style. Moreover, I understood interpersonal communication that allows person to communicate with honesty and accurately is supportive communication while when person feels nervous or worried while communicating it is defensive communication. Week 5 has helped me a lot to get more familiar with interpersonal interaction along with making me understand differences between interpersonal and impersonal communication. Additionally, by the help of assertive communication and its model, I will be able to solve conflicts in my workplace successfully being a professional interpersonal conflict solver. Further, I can become more competent communicator by having knowledge of style of communication which will help me in my future also. Interpersonal relationship and supportive communication will benefit me to work actively and make be capable of completing my work successfully. In week 6, I came to know about organization communication and its function and structure in the organization. I understand that the organizational function includes communication coordination, control, and maintenance of organizational activities. It is because if there is no communication in the company it will impossible for members to come together and perform coordinated activities. I examined that communication is important to undertake particular task, work, and activity. In the words of Sievers et al (2015), internal organizational function includes socialization which is a process where members of the company come together to understand norms, regulations, values, and standards that are helpful to operate business. It can be formal or informal. Besides this, I understand that innovation is also the function of internal organization communication. As illustrated, communication related to improvement of practices in context to better serve the client will come under innovation function. I examined that organizational structure determines communication flow in the company. This is characterized by complexity, centralization, and formalization structure of company. As understood by me, communication channels are important to recognize communication path formally enforced and sanction by the organization. I came to know that there are four types of communication channels namely upward, downward, horizontal, and diagonal communication. In this week, I got familiar with the importance of horizontal communication which contributes to the organizational climate and have positive work atmosphere. This is the best communication channel among all as observed by me. Additionally, I understand that choosing right medium of communication includes many objectives such as feedback, variety of language, personal focus, and cues. The MRT Theory was also known to me as I was unfamiliar with this. Communication environment aspects were also known by help of this theory. I came to know that if I have equivocal message then I should choose face-to-face communication else I can send detail documents in an uncertain environment to reduce uncertainty. Dual Capacity Model of choosing communication media was also known to me that ample the set of different comprehensive factor that affects the available communication media. As per Dwyer (2016), constraints of communication capability, media characteristics, and the normative contingencies are basic areas to make this model. I came to know that message can be in the form of clarity, complexity, volume, relevance, and valence. Volume means quantity of information conveyed while valence states positive and negative of message and relevancy means how motivating and interesting message was. Recipient, organization, and communicator are general areas of capability constraints. Recipients include expertise level, familiarity with media, communication context knowledge while communicator capability relates to comfort, competence, flexibility, and access. The organizational characteristics include structure, experience, and time availability. In this, I understand the importance of various media and its use taking in view various aspects. This will benefit me by choosing right media to communication at right time. In week 7, I learned about how to plan, develop, and conduct an interview along with understanding, practicing ethical interviewing. I also learned about developing and recognizing various interview types with negotiation engagement. Difference between interview and conversation was known to me. As stated by Kleiman, and Benek-Rivera (2010), interview is pre-arranged, has defined structure in terms of question and answer with specific time, and location. On the other hand, conversation includes various communication actions with questions and answers. I understand that interview is conducted for some pre-defined purpose while motivating employees, and asking questions. The goal and purpose of interview were known, purpose includes evaluation, information, council, and persuade while interview goals are to hire person, change behavior of person, and make judgments. Also, interview sequence was learned by me and I came to know that there are four types of interview sequence. This includes funnel sequence which starts with open-ended questions and ends with close-ended questions. The inverted funnel includes close-ended question in beginning and moves to open-ended questions. I examined that diamond sequence consider both funnel and inverted sequence of interview while tunnel sequence is beneficial to have simple as well as surface interview information excluding in-depth interviews. Types of interview questions were known to me that includes open and close ended questions. Open-ended are asked to have detailed response of candidates while close ended are asked when standardization of high degree is needed. I examined that factual questions include relevant facts and information while opinion questions are asked to take opinion or judgment of a person on specific topic. Next types of question are primary and secondary questions. Primary questions are for new topics and secondary for questions asked but answered incompletely. Hypothetical includes what if situation questions while critical states about real situation. At last, I came to know that leading questions force one-way answer by the side of respondent. This week was helpful for me to understand structure and schedule of the interview. According to Decarie (2010), the structure of interview includes non-structured, highly structured and scandalized, highly structured, and moderate restructured. Deciding which structure is to choose depends on interview needs and range of response. I got familiar with interview schedule that is outline of questions. The basic structure of an interview includes introduction followed by body and conclusion in last. Additionally, various ethics for conducting an interview were known by me. I observed that interviewers must be able to identify their organization along with themselves. False pretenses for conducting interview should not be practiced by interviewers. Also, it is accepted that interviewers should inform candidates about their interview. I understand the main ethics related to interviewing is to use candidates information for stated purpose only. In future, I will be able to prepare, build up, and conduct effective interview. Also, as I am aware of various interview questions, I will be able to response taking in view purpose of question asked. This week has helped be to become an ethical and successful interviewee who will take care of responsibilities and things to be followed in successful conduction of an interview. Conclusion From the above, it is summarized that effective business communication is important to have successful outcomes in business. It is because if there is no communication in the company, people will not be able to coordinate and complete task. Further, communication apprehension can become barrier in professional and personal life. Therefore, this course was helpful to reduce this problem. I can improve my writing skills in email and resume writing. I came to know about interpersonal, intrapersonal, and impersonal communications which will be beneficial for me to communicate well. Additionally, organizational communication week was so helpful to know about how to choose right medium of communication with organizational structure and communication channels. Types of interview questions, interview structure and schedule with ethics were helpful to pass interview successfully and become valuable interviewer. References Decarie, C. (2010). Literacy and information interviews. 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