Battle of Jutland Essays -- essays research papers fc

The Battle of Jutland   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Considered by most to be the greatest naval fleet battle during World War I, the Battle of Jutland was the largest and last full-blown conflict between massive fleets consisting of battle cruisers, dreadnoughts, and destroyers. Despite the fact that Jutland changed nothing strategically within the war, it is still known as being one of the most significant battles in naval history. But this battle was also one that ended with many questions and controversies that have been written about and discussed throughout the years following, even to present day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jutland commenced on May 31, 1916, after the commander of the German High Seas Fleet, Reinhard Scheer, made plans to maneuver towards the British coast, unaware that the British were able to read their coded messages and were fully prepared for Scheer’s plan. Admiral Sir John Jellicoe was in full command of the British Grand Fleet, which had been divided into three groups: the main body led by Jellicoe, six battle cruisers led by Admiral David Beatty, and four dreadnoughts under Admiral Hugh Evan-Thomas. The Grand Fleet departed two and a half hours before the Germans set off in order to rendezvous about 50 miles from Jutland in the North Sea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the first German encounter, Beatty and his battle cruisers chased a small, weak group of the German Fleet, which was led by Admiral Franz von Hipper, south towards the main High Seas Fleet. After being fired upon, Beatty made an 1800 turn northward in order to now lure the Germans toward Jellicoe and the main body. Next occurred what Louis D. Rubin Jr., who wrote the article â€Å"The Continuing Argument over Jutland† in 2001, described as one of â€Å"the most controversial episodes of a battle studded with controversial episodes.† Evan-Thomas and his dreadnoughts, which had been headed south following Beatty, failed to turn all at once and follow the battle cruisers northward. Although he apparently had not received the signal to do so until three minutes after they had passed, Rubin explains that Evan-Thomas should have, on his own intuition and initiative, proceeded to fall behind Beatty’s battle cruisers. Further stipulation was made as to whether or not this turn should have been made simultaneously or one ship after another. But to counter Rubin’s opinion... ...urces to prove his theory that blaming the battle cruisers’ designers was too simplistic of an explanation. In conclusion, this was a fascinating battle that may have left many unanswered questions and theories, but it will forever be known as the greatest naval battle in World War history. Works Cited Primary Source: Horne, Charles F. â€Å"Memoirs & Diaries: The Battle of Jutland by an anonymous British sub-Lieutenant.† Source Records of the Great War, Vol. 4, 1923. Secondary Sources: Bennett, Geoff. The Battle of Jutland. Wordsworth Military Library, 1999. Gordon, Andrew. The Rules of the Game. John Murray Pub., 1996. Hough, Richard. The Great War at Sea. Oxford University Press, 1984. Lambert, Nicholas. â€Å"‘Our Bloody Ships’ or ‘Our Bloody System’? Jutland and the Loss of the Battle Cruisers, 1916.† The Journal of Military History. Lexington: Jan. 1998. Vol. 62, Iss.1; p.29. Ranft, B. McL., ed. â€Å"31 May 1916: Beatty’s Official Report on the Battle of Jutland.† The Beatty Papers, Vol. 1, p. 323. Navy Records Society, 1989. Rubin, Louis D. Jr. â€Å"The Continuing Argument over Jutland.† The Virginia Quarterly Review. Charlottesville: Autumn 2001. Vol. 77, Iss. 4; p.583.

Jails and Prisons Essay

Jails and prisons are corrective institutions which are meant to curb criminal activities in the society. They are also meant to punish the offenders. Prisons execute imprisonment which involves legal penalties. Jails and prisons should basically be aimed at punishing and rehabilitating the offender so as he/she will not repeat the crime which he/she was convicted of. The federal spending on correctional activities has also been gradually increasing. In the recent past federal government has been enhancing its efforts to improve jails and prisons conditions as a sign of recognizing some human rights entitled to criminals. Nowadays, those serving imprisonment sentences can access various facilities. These include religious services, education facilities, and recreational facilities in the exercise yard. The prisoners’ health is also well taken care of. Prisoners are also trained and imparted with some skills which may be helpful in their future life. In our contemporary prisons, prisoners are provided with entertainment facilities such as pool tables and TV. (Cavadino & Dignan 2006) USA jails and prisons are both meant to rehabilitate and punish the offenders. Rehabilitation is an effective method of ensuring no re-offence so as to reduce the number of prisoners’ population. This program seeks to address the casual links to offending, and employ cognitive behavioral approach towards modifying the prisoners’ behaviors. Counselors are used to ensure success of such programs. Those involved in use of prohibited substances and a number of civil crimes are usually rehabilitated. On the other hand, some criminal activities necessitate punishments such as fines, strokes and capital punishment. Capital punishment is applied to serious criminal activities such as terrorism, espionage, treason or mass destruction. (McGuire 2002; Cavadino & Dignan 2006)

The Ice Hotel And The Travelodge - 1871 Words

Introduction For a long time researchers are trying to find the perfect recipe for success, however it is very hard to predict the response of the market to a new product and its adaptation to the environment. The Ice Hotel and the Travelodge are two ventures established in the end of 20th century both in the travel and hospitality sector but each one with its own unique business strategy. In evaluation of their success the decisions made throughout the development of the above mentioned ventures can be categorized as effectual and causal, as explained by Sarasvathy (2010). G.Sanvikarja suggests that causational logic is more rational and based on prediction where as the effectual strategy is more creative and is control orientated. Each of these approaches implies different strategies and reasoning behind both individual decisions and responsiveness to the environment. Furthermore, most enterprises follow a set of common principles that are key for building a business strategy including definin g means, setting affordable loss, leveraging contingencies and forming partnerships (S. et. al, 2010). These four aspects are crucial for understanding how is a business created and what is its approach. However, it should be noted that most of the businesses are not strictly effectual or causal, rather a mixture of both with a tilt towards one. Every business is individual and should be treated like one. This paper will examine the business strategies behind the Ice Hotel and theShow MoreRelatedHotel and Marketing Mix Essay4642 Words   |  19 PagesReferences 1. Description of my organisation Travelodge is budget hotel brand that was launch on the UK in 1985 and currently operates more than 450 hotels in Ireland, Spain and the UK. The company is growing very fast and is planning to operate more than 70,000 rooms, approximately over 1000 hotels by 2020 and be the biggest hotels operator in London by the 2012 Olympics. Around eight million people stay with Travelodge every year, booking the rooms online at the company’s webpageRead MoreAnber Inn and Suites6446 Words   |  26 Pageswith Catherine Grace, Vice-President of Advertising. The impromptu meeting followed a day-long senior vice president conference with Joseph James, the company’s new president and chief executive officer. Mr. James, a seasoned hotel financial executive with 40 years of hotel management experience, was appointed the previous week following the sudden resignation of his predecessor. The charge given each of the company’s four senior vice-presidents was to prepare a one-hour presentation that describedRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesdecrease on the revenues side added to the pressure on cash. Additionally, the tour operators appeared to be the most exposed to the economic downturn because they were handicapped by a high level of ï ¬ xed assets and less able t o manage their airline and hotel capacities.2 In April 2003, TUI also set up TUI China for Chinese tourists visiting Germany. One year later, in April 2004, TUI opened its ï ¬ rst low-cost travel agency in Hamburg, Germany, with Touristik Express to sell low-cost holidays. There wereRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesFord’s managers now? Be the Manager How to Manage a Hotel Y ou have been called in to advise the owners of an exclusive new luxury hotel. For the venture to succeed, hotel employees must focus on providing customers with the highest-quality customer service possible. The challenge is to devise a way of organizing and controlling employees that will promote high-quality service, that will encourage employees to be committed to the hotel, and that will reduce the level of employee turnover